For those preparing to embark on their first Umrah, knowing how to perform the rites is going to be the most essential part of the pilgrimage. The steps for Umrah begin with entering Ihram. Entering this state of spiritual purity and intention takes place before crossing into the sacred boundaries of Makkah. To learn more, read our detailed Ihram guide for first-time pilgrims.
First, pilgrims have to declare their intention to perform Umrah and enter a purified state before or at the Miqat, a designated boundary that differs depending on where you’re travelling from. Many pilgrims enter this state before or on their flight to Makkah from their respective countries. Most regional airlines will announce the approach to the Miqat, allowing pilgrims to prepare for the intention of Umrah.
Purification includes ghusl, or sacred washing, the trimming of any unwanted body hair, and other hygienic steps using non-perfumed materials. After that, men wear two seamless white clothes while women dress modestly in garments that cover the body and hair fully, and both dedicate their focus to worship. Both men and women must show their faces and hands at all times, so this means the burqa and niqab are not permitted.
Then, as the pilgrims approach the holy city, they start to recite the Talbiyah: "Labbayka Allahumma labbayk. Labbayka laa shareeka laka labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-ni‘mata laka wal-mulk, laa shareeka lak.” This iconic declaration of submission to Allah can be heard on the radio and televisions across the Muslim world, especially throughout Ramadan during the peak Umrah season. For many Muslims, it is an emotional and deeply moving call.
Upon entering Masjid al-Haram, pilgrims are drawn immediately to the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. Here begins Tawaf, the act of circulating around the Kaaba seven times in a counter-clockwise direction, beginning at the Black Stone. Each circuit is filled with prayer, supplication, and sometimes tears, as pilgrims walk shoulder to shoulder with fellow Muslims from across the globe.
The journey then continues with Sa’i, which means hastening or pursuance in Arabic. This is a ritual that recalls the story of Lady Hajar, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim (may Allah be pleased with her), when she ran in search of water for her son in Makkah. Pilgrims walk back and forth seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, following in her footsteps and reflecting on her perseverance and faith in God’s mercy and generosity.
Finally, the pilgrimage concludes with Tahallul, the symbolic act of shaving or trimming the hair. For men, this often means shaving the head entirely or cutting the hair short, while women usually trim a small, symbolic portion. This act represents self-renewal and the completion of the pilgrimage.